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BIOGRAPHY
Titanium and other metals prepared by electro-deoxidation from their oxides
- G.Z. Chen, D.J. Fray and T.W. Farthing, "Direct electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide to titanium in molten calcium chloride", Nature 407, 361-4, (2000)
- D.J. Fray, "Electrochemical method uses molten calcium chloride to extract metals directly from their oxides", MRS Bulletin 25 (12) 11-12, (2000)
- G.Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "Novel direct electrochemical reduction of solid metal oxides to metals using molten calcium chloride as an electrolyte", Progress in Molten Salt Chemistry 1, Eds R.W. Berg and H.A. Hjuler. (Elsevier 2000) 157-62, (2000)
- G.Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "Electro-deoxidation of Metal Oxides." Light Metals 2001. Ed J.L. Anjier. (TMS, Warrendale, 2001) 1147-52, (2001).
- G.Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "Cathodic Refining in molten salts: Removal of oxygen, sulfur and selenium from static and flowing molten copper". J. Applied Electrochemistry 31 155-64, (2001)
- D.J. Fray, "Aspects of Technology Transfer". Met Trans B, 31B, 1153-62. (2000)
- G.Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "Novel cathodic processes in molten salts". 6th International Symposium on Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology. Eds. G Nianyi and Q. Zhiyu (Shankai University Press, 2001) 79-85. (2001)
- D.J. Fray and G.Z. Chen, "The use of electro-deoxidation to reduce titanium dioxide and other metal oxides". Proc of the 4th International Conference on Materials Engineering and Resources (Akita, Japan, 2001) 1-6, (2001)
- D. J. Fray, "Emerging Molten Salt Technologies for Metal production", JOM, 53, 26-31. (2001)
- G.Z. Chen, D J Fray and T W Farthing, "Cathodic Deoxygenation of the Alpha Case on Titanium and Alloys in Molten Calcium chloride", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 32B, 1041-1052 (2001)
- X.Y. Yan and D J Fray, "Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Niobium Pentoxide to Niobium Metal in a eutectic of -NaCl Melt", Light Metals 2002, 5-16, (2002)
- B. A. Glowacki, X.-Y. Yan, D. Fray, G. Chen, M. Majoros, Y. Shi, "Niobium based intermetallics as a source of high current/high magnetic field superconductors", Physica C 372-376, 1315-1320, 2002
- X. Y. Yan and D J Fray, "Production of Niobium Powder by Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Solid in a Eutectic - Melt", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 33B 685-693, 2002
- D. J. Fray, "Anodic and Cathodic Reactions in Molten Calcium Chloride", Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 2002, 41, 433-439 2002
- A. Cox and D.J Fray, "Production of Aluminium, Magnesium and Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys by direct electrochemical reduction of their solid oxides", Molten Salts XIII, The Electrochemical Society, PV2002-19, 745-757, (2002)
- G. Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "Voltametric Studies of the Oxygen-Titanium Binary system in Molten Calcium Chloride", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 149 (11), E455-E467, (2002)
- B. A. Glowacki, D. J. Fray, X-Y Yan and G. Chen, 'Superconducting Nb3Sn intermetallics made by electrochemical reduction of Nb2O5-SnO2', Physica C, 387, 242-246, (2003)
- A. J. Muir Wood, R. C. Copcutt, G. Z. Chen and D. J. Fray, "The electrochemical fabrication of nickel manganese gallium alloy powder", Advanced Engineering Materials, 5, 650-653 (2003)
- X. Y. Yan and D. J. Fray, "Using electro-deoxidation to synthesize niobium sponge from solid Nb2O5 in alkali-alkaline-earth metal chloride melts", J. Mater. Res., 18, 346-356, (2003)
- G. Z. Chen and D. J. Fray, "Recent development in electrolytic formation of carbon nanotubes in molten salts", J. Min. Met., 39 (1-2B), 309-342 (2003)
- D. J. Fray, "Reduction of titanium dioxide and other metal oxides by electro-deoxidation", Proceedings of Papers 3rd Balkan Metallurgical Conference, Jovan K. Michovski ed., Macedonian Union of Metallurgists, Skopje, 1-9, (2003)
- Chen and Derek Fray, "Understanding the electro-reduction of metal oxides in molten salts", ed. A.T. Tabereaux, Light Metals 2004, (2004)
- D. Fray, "Electrochemical processing using slags, fluxes and salts", Proceedings of V11 International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2004, 7 12 (2004)
- D.J. Fray and G.Z. Chen, "Reduction of Titanium and other metal oxides using electrodeoxidation", Materials Science and Technology, 20, 295-300 (2004)
- Elena Gordo, George Z. Chen and Derek J. Fray, "Toward optimisation of electrolytic reduction of solid chromium oxide to chromium powder in molten chloride salts", Electrochimica Acta, 49, 2195-2208 (2004)
- George Z. Chen, Elena Gordo and Derek J. Fray, "Direct electrolytic preparation of chromium powder", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 35B, 223-233 (2004)
- Derek J. Fray and George Z. Chen, "Extraction of titanium from solid titanium dioxide in molten salts", Cost Affordable Titanium, TMS2004, Eds F.H. (Sam) Froes, M. Ashraf Imam and D.J. Fray, TMS, 9-17 (2004)
- S. Bossuyt, S.V. Madge, G.Z. Chen, A. Castellero, S. Deledda, J. Eckerts, D.J. Fray and A.L. Greer, "Electrochemical removal of oxygen for processing glass forming alloys", Materials Science and Engineering A -Structural Materials Properties, Microstructure and Processing, 375-77, 240-243, (2004)
- K.S. Mohandas and D.J. Fray, "FFC Cambridge Process and removal of oxygen from metal-oxygen systems by molten salt electrolysis: an overview", Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 57, 579-592 (2004)
- D.J. Fray, "Electrochemical Processing using Molten Salts", Euchem 2004 Conference Proceedings, eds. J Kazmierczak and G Zabinska-Olszak, 47-57, (2004)
- C Schwandt and D J Fray, Determination of the kinetic pathway in the electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten calcium chloride, Electrochimia Acta, 51, 66-76 (2005 )
- R.L. Centeno Sanchez, D.J. Fray and G Z Chen, "Study of the Preparation of Porous Titanium by the FFC-Cambridge Process", Euchem 2004, Molten Salts Conference Proceedings, Piechowice, Poland, pp145-152 (2004)
- Yan XY & Fray DJ, "Electrochemical studies on reduction of solid Nb2O5 in molten CaCl2-NaCl eutectic - I. Factors affecting electrodeoxidation of solid Nb2O5 to niobium" Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152 (1): D12-D21 (2005)
- Xiao Y. Yan and Derek J Fray, "Electrochemical studies on reduction of solid Nb2O5 in molten CaCl2-NaCl eutectic - II. Cathodic processes in electrodeoxidation of solid Nb2O5" Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152 (10): E308-E318 (2005)
- P.C. Pistorius and D.J. Fray, "Formation of silicon by electro-deoxidation, and implications for titanium metal production", SAIMM, 106, 31-41, (2006)
- R.L. Centeno Sanchez, G.Z. Chen, D.J. Fray, "Cost effective production of porous titanium and its alloys by the FFC-Cambridge Process (direct electro-deoxidation)", Chian Mai J. Sci., 32 (3), 367-371, (2005)
- X.Y. Yan and D.J. Fray, "Electrosynthesis of NbTi and Nb3Sn superconductors from oxide precursors in CaCl2- based melts", Advanced Functional Materials, 15(11), 1757-1761 (2005)
- D.J. Fray, "Innovative electrochemical processing using molten salts", Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. C, 115 (1), 3-7 (2006)
- G.Z. Chen and D.J. Fray, "A morphological study of the FFC chromium and titanium powders", Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. C, 115 (1), 49-54 (2006)
- A. Castellero, S. Bossuyt, M. Stoica, S. Deedda, J. Eckert, G.Z. Chen, D.J. Fray and A.L. Greer, " Improvement of the glass-forming ability of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 and Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 alloys by electro-deoxidation of the melts", Scripta Materialia, 55, 87-90 (2006).
- D.R. Hodgson, A. Fones, D.J. Fray, I. Mellor, S. Brewer, D. Jackson, L. Slevin and S.E. Male, "Development and scale-up of the FFC Cambridge Process for production of metals", ECS Transactions, 2(3), 365-8, (2006).
- D.T.L Alexander, C.Schwandt and D.J. Fray, "Microstructural kinetics of phase transformations during electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten calcium", Acta Materialia, 54 (11), 2933-2944, (2006)
- X.Y. Yan and D.J. Fray, "Fused salt electrolytic reduction of solid oxides and oxide mixtures for green production of metals and alloys", Green Processing Conference, Newcastle, Australia, 5-6 June (2006).
- D.J. Fray, "Electrochemical production of materials using molten salts", Sohn International Symposium - Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Ed F. Kongoli and R.G. Reddy ( TMS, Warrendale PA, 2006) 587-595.
- X.Y. Yan and D.J. Fray, "Fused salt electrolytic reduction of solid oxides and oxide mixtures for green production of metals and alloys", Trans. Inst. Min. Metal C, 116, 17-24 (2007)
- R.L Centeno-Sanchez, D.J. Fray and G.Z. Chen, "Study on the reduction of highly porous TiO2 precursors and thin TiO2 layers by the FFC-Cambridge process", J. Mater. Sci. 42, 7494-7501 (2007)
- C. Schwandt and D.J. Fray, "Preparation of titanium coatings on steel through electro reduction of plasma sprayed and screen printed titanium dioxide deposits", Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 34, 225-230 (2007)
- P.K. Tripathy, M. Gauthier and D.J. Fray, "Electrochemical deoxidation of titanium foam in molten calcium chloride." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 38B, 893-900 (2007)
- C. Schwandt and D.J. Fray, "The electrochemical reduction of chromium sesquioxide in molten calcium chloride under cathodic potential control". Z. Naturforsch. 62a, 655-670 (2007)
Patents
About 170 patents have been published and these can be accessed at GB esp@cenet.
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